Japan is exceptional for the take-up of heated tobacco, being the star market for it worldwide. We estimated that there are currently around 10m heated tobacco users in Japan. Tobacco elements come under the Tobacco Business Act (Act No. 68 of 1984), which defines tobacco products as “entirely or partially made of tobacco leaves and made for smoking, chewing or sniffing”. The hardware used to heat tobacco is not subject to this tobacco legislation, nevertheless, the product should comply with the general electronic product consumer laws. This report offers a detailed analysis of the current restrictions and regulations in place for heated tobacco products in Japan, covering all aspects from product and age restrictions, to labelling and packaging, and advertising and tax.