Portugal: Prime minister Luís Montenegro, facing accusations of conflict of interest from the opposition, has been
censured by the parliament, leading to the collapse of the government. As widely expected, Portugal will now head to early elections, likely in late May, marking the third national election since 2022. Montenegro, leader of the Social Democratic Party (PSD), which follows a liberal-conservative ideology, has not pursued restrictive policies on novel tobacco products. Unlike some other European governments, the PSD has not pushed for bans on new tobacco alternatives, but it implemented the World Health Organization (WHO) smoking reduction objectives, limiting smoking in public spaces and restricting heated tobacco in the same way as combustible cigarettes.